LIFE STORY Summary Chapter 1 – Growing Up Chapter 2 – From Australia to China Chapter 3 – Discovering China Chapter 4 – Canberra’s Blind Sinophobia Chapter 5 – Into the USSR Chapter 6 – The Bill Morrison Affair Chapter 7 – Post-Morrison Chapter 8 – KGB Traps Chapter 9

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Summary This is the story of an Australian boy, born in England in 1936 to the economist, Colin Clark, taken to live in wartime Queensland and then raised on a small farm outside Brisbane. At age 16

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Chapter 1 – From Australia to Oxford 1. The Australian Connection2. The Santamaria Influence3. Into Oxford4. Into Europe5. A Yugoslavia Connection My birth certificate says I was born May 19, 1936. It also says I was born

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. Back to Australia2. Into Canberra3. Into External Affairs4. A China Connection5. Into Hong Kong When I finished up at Oxford university, future career was far from certain. I had decided I did not want to stay

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Into China – via Hong Kong and Taiwan, and Japan 1. Suez Canal Lessons2. Journalist Spies3. Chinese Reality4. Learning the Language5. Into Taiwan6. Hospitality, KMT Style7. Gently into Japan The two years in Hong Kong (December 59-February

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Into Canberra, and some Asian Realities 1. Via North Borneo and Sarawak2. On The China Desk3. The Lee Kwan Yew Election4. China and the Korean War5. How Personalist Biases sway Policy 6. The Sino-Indian Frontier Dispute By the

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES En Route to the USSR, Via the US 1. Posted to Moscow2. Learning the Language3. Across the USA4. Across the Iron Curtain5. Australian Embassy, Moscow Late 1962. I am due to move again The Moscow embassy has

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. The KGB has pounced2. The Drama in the Saferoom3. The Russian Speakers Dilemma It was one of those beautifully warm early Moscow summer weekends when all life and nature seemed at ease with itself and the idea

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Post-Morrison 1. Footloose in the USSR2. Searching for D.3. D. in Japan, with Husband With Morrison gone and his replacement in place (a nice enough man called Pethybridge), the Embassy settled down to its regular routine of

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES A Night in Podolsk 1. The Pressure Rises2. The KGB Trap3. A Night in Podolsk4. Escaping the Trap5. Some Self Reflection I had long suffered KGB attentions — something inevitable for a Russian-speaking, bachelor diplomat determined to go

1. A Difficult Decision2. The Vietnam Factor3. The Seeming Hasluck Farce4.  Hasluck: Acting at US Request?5. A Global Tragedy: The Mistaken Views of the Sino-Soviet Dispute6. The Burchett Factor: A Decision to Leave My career was at a crossroads.  At the very young age of 28 I had already been

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Trying to Leave the USSR 1. A New Career? Japan?2. The KGB Strikes, Again3. Some Siberian Truths4. Getting out of Moscow5. More KGB Tricks?6. Back to Canberra, via Israel   My first and rather impetuous move was to

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. A New Career2. ANU Connections3. The China Slot. Giving it Away?4. Discovering Canberra’s True Role over Vietnam5.Becoming a Student Again6. Discovering the World Outside7. Cutting the Umbilical Cord?8. The External Affairs ‘Family’9.  Rude Reality 1. A

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. My Foolish Disclosure2. ASIO Dogs Unleashed3. The Suspicious Telephone Call4. The Fake Telephone Call5: ASIO: The Bumblers6. Final Decision: Out of EA It happened like this: Having arranged with EA for my study leave, I had

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES  Fighting Windmills, Getting Nowhere 1. Connecting with the The Australian 2. Joining the Vietnam War Debate3. A Run-in with The Bulletin4. The Australian Institute of Political Science5. The Asian Languages Fiasco  September 1965. After almost a decade

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA;BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES  Confused: Studying Economics and Japanese,  more Sino-Soviet Dispute, pushing the Enclave Solution for Vietnam, Writing a Book about China 1.  A Book about China?2.  Back to the PhD – Learning Economics 3.  Learning Japanese4.  The Sino-Soviet Dispute5. Jim

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES The Early Years – Getting Organised 1. The Hitotsubashi Connection2. The Ajiken Connection 3. Organising a life in Japan 4. The China Book emerges Early 1967. I am already well into the second year of my ANU scholarship, having spent

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. PAFTA Japan’s New Trade Policy2. PAFTA becomes PAFTA3. APEC to the Rescue4. Australia claims the Limelight In the 1960’s the Japanese rightwing, Kojima included, had a problem.  The then strong leftwing was arguing that Japan’s postwar

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES LEARNING JAPANESE:  PROBLEMS 1. The Devil’s Language2. Listening Problems3. Chinese Connections4. Chinese-origin Homophones5. Bad Romanisations6. Reading Japanese That one year in Japan – 1967-68 – was to be even more difficult than the two years in Moscow.

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. The Power of the Sub-Conscious2. Creating the Language Computer3. Free Conversation?4. Deep Listening5. Language as a Song6. MultiLingualism It is said that some 80 percent of our brain capacity operates sub-consciously. When we speak our native

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES En Route to Australia, via Southeast Asia 1. An Unusual Research Technique2. The Thai Car Industry Model3. A Model of the Rest of the World4. The Market as a Factor of Production5. The Australian Car Industry Disaster The year

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. ‘In Fear of China’2. The China Quarterly3. Publishing Problems4. Book Hegemony5. Publishing Mistakes6. More Book Reviews7. ANU Books8. Crawford’s Position9. The Vietnam View10. A Serious Reaction in Japan Eventually the hard-cover book emerged.  Almost 400 pages

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA;BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Returning to the Vietnam War Debate- 1968-9 1.    Whitlam and Vietnam2.    Chinese ‘Invaders.’3.    Living with Jim Cairns4.    Neil Batt: The Australian Politician who got it Right5.    The Idiotic Whitlam Response In 1965-66, returning

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1  Vietnam – A Barometer of Australian Crassness2. Guerrilla Warfare3. Dogs and Vietnam4. How to Protest5. The Australian Rightwing6. An ALP Experience The weakness of the Vietnam debate was not just a constant agony for me.  

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Defeated by Black-Information Lies and Irrationality 1. Last Straw: Pringle of the SMH2. Black Information3. The Other Last Straw: The Burchett Persecution4. Escape to Japan The deceitful irrationality of a 1969 run in with the Sydney Morning

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Blocked in Every Direction 1. Thesis Preparation2. Problems with Australian Academia3.  More Brick Walls4. A Western Australian Connection5.  The One (and only one) Successful Japan Course6.  ANU ‘Excellence’7. A Personal Affair8. The Okita Saburo Connection9. The Hitotsubashi

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES The Dragon or the Samurai? 1. A China Opportunity2. The Call of Japan3. The Moment of Deciding4. Back to Japan via ‘The Australian?’5. The PhD Thesis Problem6.  Rationalisations With the door closed firmly on me in Australia,

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA;BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. A Brand-new Career 1. Apprentice Journalist2. Rupert Murdoch3. Preparing for Japan 4. Viewing The Pilbara Miracle Mid 1969: I have rebelled against the academic futility in Canberra.  I plan to get back to Japan.  From lofty academia I

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. 1. Finding an Office2. Nihon Keizai Shimbun3. Scoop Fever4. The Blind Wool-Market Manipulator Arriving in Tokyo in the middle of an especially vile summer, I had to set about opening an office.  It had to be a big one since

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. 1. House Finding 2. Missing R.3. Japan Erupts Chasing stories was one job. Trying to organise my private life was another. 1. House Finding  I had been able to rent for 80,000 yen a month a cute two-storey

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. 1. The Devious Sato Eisaku2. Liao Cheng-chih, and the Origins of the Cultural Revolution3. The Samejima Articles4. East-West Detente Destroyed Slowly, painfully, I was learning how to track down news sources and get stories.  In the early

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA;BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. Japan’s Undiscovered Treasures 1. Country weekends2. Into the Mountains3. Kakeroma With China and other distractions out of the way,  I gradually began to get my life into some sort of shape.  I began to see a lot of

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. The 10 Accidents that changed Australian History (Accidents marked x)  (Chinese Translation attached) 1. The Ping-Pong Saga Begins2 x Finding team leader Jackson in a Factory 2. No Ping-pong Invitation for Australia3. x Jackson discovers Ping-pong Diplomacy4. No Ping-pong

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. Finally Into China, with Difficulty 1. Left Waiting at Lo Wu2. Taiwan Visas;  Entry to China Refused3. Into Canton (Guangzhou)4. Attacked by Radical Students5. Expulsion from Canton?6. Meeting Shirley Maclaine7. Into Shanghai, Bad News Waiting!  Finally I have got the ping-pong

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. Welcomed, but not Welcomed 1. Welcome Banquet2. Zhou Enlai3. Fractious Officials4. Cold-Shouldered at Chinese Foreign Ministry Arriving in Beijing, we are given the welcome usually reserved for potentates from African countries seen friendly to China. 1. Welcome Banquet There

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. Breakthrough For China 1. Wheat Diplomacy2. Australian Reactions to Wheat Ban3. The Mick Young Connection4. The Whitlam Visit to China5. Whitlam in Tokyo; the Kissinger Visit6. Liberal Party Defeated As it turns out, our ping-pong visit does help to open the

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Trade Minister, Jim Cairns, May,1973;   Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, November, 1973; Deputy Prime Minister, Jim Cairns, October,1974. With Whitlam elected as prime minister in November 1972, diplomatic relations with Beijing were quickly established.  In the space

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. 1. The Face of Chaos 2. Sinister Crowds3. Mis-Reporting the Chaos4. The Causes of the Chaos5. Back to Japan and Reflections on the Chaos My 1971 visit and two 1973 visits to China had shown me much about

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES A Force for Enlightenment? Arriving in Canberra in the cold light of an early spring morning following the Whitlam November 1973 visit to Beijing, I thought for a moment I was still back in China.  The airport

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES part one. (1972) 1. Tanaka Kakuei2. Recognise China3. Japanese – Chinese Differences4. Sato Secret Lobbying to Bar China UNEntry5. Tanaka’s Asian Tour6. Tanaka Makiko7. Tanaka – Computerized BullDozer8. Indonesian Mobs9. Whistle-Blowers Not Needed

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. part two 1. The Growing Anti-Tanaka Mood2. Bungei Shimbun Exposes3. Foreign Media Power – Uno Sosuke Forced Out4. Tanaka – Under Attack5. Ignorant Foreign Correspondents6. The Kikkake Strikes7. Foreign Media Self-Congratulation8. Economic Upheavals9. Political Upheavals By alleging

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. 1. Mountain Climbing with Yasuko2. A Son, Dan, is Born3. Goodbye to Tokyo?4. The Whitlam Connection 5. Embassy Advisor?6. Ambassador to Japan? 7. The Menadue Connection8. The Prodigal Returns The five years 1969-1974 as Tokyo correspondent for The Australian

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES The Ultimate Frustration 1.  Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Canberra2.  The “NARA” Treaty – Origins3.  Retrospective MFN4.  The Treaty Draft – Spies at Work5.  NARA Sabotaged6.  Japan’s Struggle In Vain7.  A Strange China Connection8.  The Resources

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES HOW NOT TO ORGANISE CULTURAL RELATIONS 1. The Foundation Idea2. The Foundation Established?3. Foundation Reform?4. Birthday Celebrations5. Language Problems Australians are a weird mob. They talk how proximity gives them a special relationship with Asia, and an

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. A walk in Gorky Park2. Communist Regime Internal Information3.The Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty 4. Japan’s vulnerability to Gaiatsu5. Gaiatsu to the Rescue6. Sugar Gaiatsu7. Meat Gaiatsu8. How Not to Negotiate with Japan9. Shoeki versus Kokueki 10.Fish Gaiatsu

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES Feckless Stupidity Rampant 1. Sending the Cables2. Enter The Peacock3. And the Reality?4. Rescue Whitlam5. Problem solved?  Not quite.6. Deep Injustice  The NARA Treaty debacle was bad enough.  But an even lower moment was to come later

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES To The Limits of Cruelty 1. The ‘Dangerous’ Fretelin2. The Canberra Debates3. A Voice of Reason, Bill Pritchett4. The Whitlam Apologists5. Crunch Time 6. Going Public7. The Renouf Factor8. The Devious Mr Renouf9. The Remorseful Mr Woolcott?   The

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. Yarralumla – The Beauty of Old Canberra.2. The Ugliness.  Dealing with the Canberra Hawks3. Information as Power4. How the Hawks Undermined the Whitlamites5. Ignore the Hawks?6. Post-Vietnam Hawk Point-Scoring7. Larrikin Irresponsibility8. Non-Convict South Australia – The

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1.  Defeated in Canberra2.  Australia’s Manufacturing Miracle Destroyed3.  Menadue for Japan?4.  A Nod to The Australian5.  An ANU Redux6.  Visa Problems. Sophia University?7.  Forced Farewell to the Australian Left8.  Bleak Prospects in Japan The last half of

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. Simul Publishing2. Invited to Write3. Reasons to Write4. Chinese-Japanese Differences5.  Nihonjin-ron6.  An Answer?7.  Disorganised Nihonjin-ron8.  Yamamoto Shichihei – Japanese and Jews9.  Why the Differences, Weird Theories10. Culture versus Values11. Anti-Nihonjin ron12. ‘System’ theorists The idea of

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and BETWEEN FOUR LANGUAGES 1. House Hunting2. Finishing the Book 3. Publishing the Book4. Launching the Book5. A Newsweek Connection6. Book Reaction7. God Professor It was, they said, the wettest and coldest spring on record.  Looking out over the drenched blossoms

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. The Talking Monkey 1.The Japanese Lecture Circuit2.Organising a Lecture3.Rewards When I published the Japan as a Tribe book, I had assumed that the only material returns would be royalties from the publisher, Simul. But if I had

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES. Losing Friends; Making Friends 1. Australian Embassy, Tokyo2. Embassy Blacklisting3. Decoding Realties4. Friends at Court The joys of the lecture circuit did not come without a price. The Newsweek story had caused some damage to Canberra’s relations

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS and FOUR LANGUAGES 1. Paradise Sought 2. Paradise Found (plus some thoughts on economic development) 3. Yoro Keikoku 4. Becoming a Land Owner (plus some thoughts on how to learn English) For years Yasuko and I had enjoyed weekend hikes in the hills

BETWEEN FOUR WORLDS: CHINA, RUSSIA, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA; BETWEEN FOUR CAREERS AND FOUR LANGUAGES Like a Jolt from a Rocket Launcher 1. Finding a House2. Finding an Office 3. Mountain Climbing (photo)4. Involved in Boso5. More Book Creation6. The Japanese Government Committee7. Committee Games 8. The Role of the Foreigner9. Inside the